Jargon Buster

Cylch - Mae Rhwydwaith Ailgylchu Cymunedol Cymru yn gwmni cyfyngedig trwy warant.

Mae Cylch yn darparu gwasanaethau cefnogi aelodaeth i’r sector ailgylchu cymunedol yng Nghymru ac yn annog partneriaethau gydag awdurdodau lleol / mudiadau sector breifat er mwyn sicrhau bod Strategaeth Wastraff Cymru yn cael ei weithredu’n llwyddiannus.
 

Datblygu medrau a gwybodaeth a phrofiad mewn cymunedau lleol er mwyn cynyddu gallu a pharodrwydd aelodau’r gymuned i symbylu prosiectau, rhaglenni a busnesau, er mwyn trefnu’r mentrau hyn a’u cadw i fynd.

Mae Adenillion Cymdeithasol ar fuddsoddiad (SROI) yn ddull blaengar o fynd i’r afael â mesur a gwerth, sydd yn gallu cael ei ddefnyddio ar draws y sectorau cyhoeddus, preifat a’r trydydd sector. Datblygwyd SROI o ddadansoddiad cost a budd a chyfrifeg gymdeithasol, ac mae’n defnyddio prisio economaidd i amlygu ystod llawer ehangach o gostau a budd cymdeithasol, amgylcheddol ac economaidd na dadansoddiadau confensiynol. Trwy wneud hyn mae’n cynnig darlun llawnach o’r gwerth sydd yn cael ei greu neu ei ddifetha ac mae’n hwyluso modd mwy deallus o benderfynu sut mae adnoddau yn cael eu dyrannu.

Rhaglen o ddatblygu lleol sy’n mynd i’r afael ag anfanteision ffisegol, cymdeithasol, amgylcheddol ac economaidd mewn ardaloedd gwledig a threfol

Y broses o wirio cyfrifon cymdeithasol i sicrhau eu bod yn ‘adio i fyny’. Mae sefydliad sy’n cynnal archwiliad cymdeithasol yn gwneud ei hun yn atebol i’w fudd-ddeiliaid ac yn ymrwymo’i hun i ddilyn argymhellion yr archwiliad.

A development strategy that recognises that the possession of tangible assets (land, buildings or a dedicated income) is the key to achieving the goals of self-sufficiency, independence and sustainability which underpin community based regeneration organisations.

The current arrangements for reviewing the effectiveness, efficiency and economy of public sector services, and the measure of value for money in public sector procurement.

 
Amryfaldeb, neu amrywiaeth, planhigion, anifeiliaid neu bethau byw eraill mewn ardal neu ranbarth arbennig. Mae’r term yn cwmpasu amryfaldeb cynefinoedd, amryfaldeb rhywogaethau ac amryfaldeb genetig. Mae bioamrywiaeth yn werthfawr ynddo’i hun ac mae iddo werth cymdeithasol ac economaidd i’r gymdeithas ddynol.  

Amryfaldeb, neu amrywiaeth, planhigion, anifeiliaid neu bethau byw eraill mewn ardal neu ranbarth arbennig. Mae’r term yn cwmpasu amryfaldeb cynefinoedd, amryfaldeb rhywogaethau ac amryfaldeb genetig. Mae bioamrywiaeth yn werthfawr ynddo’i hun ac mae iddo werth cymdeithasol ac economaidd i’r gymdeithas ddynol.

The diversity, or variety, of plants, animals or other living things in a particular area or region. The term encompasses habitat diversity, species diversity and genetic diversity. Biodiversity has value in its own right and has soclal and economic value for human society.

Mae gan bob undeb credyd fond cyffredin. Nhw’n sy’n penderfynu pwy sy’n cael ymuno â nhw. Mae pedwar math. Mae bond cymunedol neu breswyliol yn cyfeirio at unrhyw un sy’n byw mewn ardal ddaearyddol arbennig. Mae bond byw neu waith yn cyfeirio at bobl sy’n byw a gweithio mewn ardal ddaearyddol arbennig. Mae bond cyflogaeth neu ddiwydiannol yn cyfeirio at holl weithwyr cwmni neu grŵp o gwmnïau. Mae bond cysylltiaethol yn cyfeirio at aelodaeth undeb llafur, cymdeithas fasnachol neu grŵp arall.

Any land or premises which has previously been used or developed and is not currently in use, although it may be partially occupied or utilised. The land may also be vacant, derelict or contaminated but excludes parks, recreation grounds, allotments and land where the remains of previous use have blended into the landscape, or have been overtaken by nature conservation or amenity use.

Buddsoddiad sy’n cael ei sgrinio i sicrhau nad oes ganddo unrhyw gysylltiadau â gweithgareddau na fyddai’r buddsoddydd yn dymuno eu cefnogi.

Term a ddefnyddir weithiau gan fentrau cymdeithasol pan fod cnewyllyn bychan o aelodau sy’n gweithredu mewn ffordd debyg i ymddiriedolwyr. Mae’r busnesau cymdeithasol hyn yn canolbwyntio’n aml ar ddarparu incwm neu gyfle gwaith i grwpiau difreintiedig, neu ddarparu gwasanaeth i’r gymuned.

Sefydliad masnachu a sefydlir gan y gymuned leol ac sy’n eiddo iddi ac yn cael ei reoli ganddi ac sy’n anelu at greu cyflogaeth hunangynhaliol i bobl leol ac sydd hefyd yn cynnig canolbwynt ar gyfer gwaith datblygu lleol. Mae’r term busnes cymunedol yn cael ei ddefnyddio’n aml gan fentrau cymdeithasol sy’n canolbwyntio ar farchnadoedd a gwasanaethau lleol.

The development of skills and knowledge and experience in local communities to increase the ability and willingness of community members to initiate projects, programmes and business, to organise these ventures and to keep them running.

Charitable status is available to all organisations with exclusively charitable purposes and activities, whether alleviation of poverty, advancement of religion or education or ‘other purposes beneficial to the community’. Charitable status comes with highly beneficial tax advantages but trading is limited and must be in line with charitable purpose; hence it is appropriate for some social enterprises but not all. Several charities in the voluntary sector have trading arms – their own social enterprises – to generate income to support their charitable aims.

Cyfeiria’r term hwn at y defnydd cynyddol o fudiadau cilyddol er mwyn darparu gwasanaethau trwy gontract i awdurdodau lleol.

Mudiadau cilyddol yw rhai y mae eu haelodau wedi uno gyda’i gilydd gyda phwrpas cyffredin i ddarparu gwasanaeth cyffredin o fantais i bob un ohonynt. Cânt eu cyfansoddi’n gyfreithiol mewn nifer o ffyrdd gwahanol. Mae strwythurau busnesau cilyddol yn cynnwys cwmnïau cydweithredol, cymdeithasau adeiladu a busnesau eraill sy’n eiddo i’w gweithwyr.

Organisations or enterprises that aim to improve their commercial performance through direct and indirect forms of collaboration, or sharing of resources, customers, inputs, often resulting in locational advantages from close proximity with each other.

Mudiadau neu fentrau sy’n ceisio gwella eu perfformiad masnachol trwy ffurfiau uniongyrchol ac anuniongyrchol o gydweithio, neu o rannu adnoddau, cwsmeriaid, mewnbynnau, sy’n aml yn creu manteision lleoliadol trwy fod yn agos at ei gilydd.

An organisation owned and controlled by its members and incorporated under the Industrial and Provident Societies Act and regulated by the Financial Services Authority. However, it is possible to incorporate as a company with co-operative principles. A key feature is ownershipand control by members. Members may be employees (a worker co-op), customers (a consumer co-op), tenants (housing co-op) or a combination of these groups (multi-stakeholder co-op).

Credit unions all have a common bond. They determine who is able to join them. There are four types.

A community or residential bond refers to anyone who lives in a certain geographical area.

A live or work bond refers to people who work and live within a certain geographical area.

An employment or industrial bond refers to all employees in a company or group of companies.

An associational bond refers to membership of a trade union, trade association or other group.

Communities First is a major flagship Welsh Assembly Government programme aimed at cutting poverty and helping to improve the lives of people who live in the areas with a high level of deprivation, as defined in the Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation.

A legal form for social enterprises. They combine the features of a company with some elements of a charitable organisation (ie assets can’t be sold off for private gain). CICs will report to an independent regulator on how they are delivering for the community and how they are involving their stakeholders in their activities.

A tax break to encourage investment in Community Finance Institutions. Relief of 5% p.a. is paid for up to 5 years for investments in accredited CDFIs

A trading organisation which is set up, owned and controlled by the local community and which aims to create self supporting employment for local people and also act as a focus for local development. The terms community business is often used by social enterprises that focus on local markets and services.

Publicly available plans for each local authority that outline or update local community care provision or strategy.

A financial services provider (possibly a community based bank, community loan fund or a community development venture fund) which has a mission to achieve social objectives. They lend and invest in deprived areas and markets that cannot access mainstream finance, including social enterprises. Some CDFIs focus specifically on financial services for business and social economy organisations rather than individuals.

While some CDFIs are regulated as banks or building societies, most do not have deposit-taking status. The legal forms most often used are the indistrial and provident society (IPS) and, in association with chartiable status, the company limited by guarantee.

A venture capital fund, run for profit, that is targeted at communities that lack investment.

Venture capital fund, which is run for profit, that is targeted to communities that lack investment.

Community based and led organisations that are trading for a social purpose. They are trading for a social purpose in order to reinvest their surpluses in further enterprise development in community ownership of land and buildings or other environmental social and community benefits. They share the same combination of enterpreneurial skills and social purpose as social enterprises.

Community Enterprise is distinguished however by its focus on a community of place or interest and delivers local services to local people—often involving also the employment of local people. Development Trusts are a model of community enterprise joining up the delivery of a range of local services, enterprises and assets.

A community loan fund is a CDFI that provides loans.

A company registered with Companies House with members rather than shareholders; members guarantee a nominal sum for paying liabilities and can also pay a regular membership subscription. Charities, Development Trusts, Social Firms and Community Businesses frequently use this form of incorporation.

A company registered with Companies House which is controlled by its shareholders. This form is often used for trading subsidiaries of charities.

Arrangements for procuring services that involve tendering by more than one potential provider. Tenders are assessed against best value criteria that assess quality and cost.

A statutory power given to local authorities where agreement cannot be reached with a land owner to require the sale of land and/or buildings in order to enable the achievement of wider policy objectives.

A wide ranging set of concepts that relate to businesses conducting their activities responsibly. Factors include environmental impacts, employee and customer health and safety issues, participation in local communities (being a good neighbour), good corporate governance, other social issues and ethical and fair trading. CSR proponents argue that these issues are core to the long term sustainability of all businesses and apply equally to both small locally based businesses and large multi-national listed companies

A financial co-operative, which is owned and controlled by its members. As well as being a good savings option, with successful credit unions paying an annual dividend of up to 8%, the money saved can be used to make low interest loans to other credit union members. Only people who come within the common bond of the credit union can join it and make use of its services. The credit union is directed and controlled by a volunteer Board of Directors.

Mae cronfa benthyciadau cymunedol yn CDFI sy’n cynnig benthyciadau.

Cronfa sy’n darparu benthyciadau bychain (sy’n golygu ei fod felly’n fath arbennig o ficro-gyllid). Mae cronfa micro-fenthyciadau yn fath arbenigol o wasanaeth ariannol sy’n seiliedig ar gynhyrchion penodol wedi’u hanelu at ficro-fentrau ac sy’n fwy na mater syml o ddarparu benthyciadau bychain iawn achlysurol.

Math cyfreithiol newydd o fenter gymunedol. Maen nhw’n cyfuno nodweddion cwmni gyda rhai elfennau o fudiad elusennol (hy ni ellir gwerthu asedau er budd preifat). Bydd cwmnïau CIC yn adrodd i reoleiddydd annibynnol ar sut y maent yn cyflawni er lles y gymuned ac ar sut y maent yn cynnwys eu budd-ddeiliaid yn eu gweithgareddau.

Sefydliad sy’n eiddo i’w aelodau ac yn cael ei reoli ganddynt ac a ymgorfforwyd trwy’r Ddeddf Cymdeithasau Diwydiannol a Darbodus ac a reoleiddir gan yr Awdurdod Gwasanaethau Ariannol. Fodd bynnag, mae’n bosib ymgorffori’n gwmni gydag egwyddorion cydweithredol. Nodwedd allweddol yw mai’r aelodau sy’n berchen arno ac yn ei reoli. Gall aelodau fod yn weithwyr (cwmni cydweithredol y gweithwyr), cwsmeriaid (cwmni cydweithredol y defnyddwyr), tenantiaid (cwmni cydweithredol tai) neu gyfuniad o’r grwpiau hyn (cwmni cydweithredol sawl budd-ddeiliad).

Mae Cymdeithas Ddiwydiannol a Darbodus yn aml yn gwmni cydweithredol ble mai’r aelodau yw gweithwyr y busnes. Yn hynny o beth mae’r gweithwyr yn berchen ar ac yn rheoli’r busnes y maen nhw’n gweithio iddo.

Cwmni a gofrestrwyd gyda Thŷ’r Cwmnïau a reolir gan ei gyfranddalwyr. Defnyddir y ffurf yma’n aml ar gyfer is-gwmnïau masnachu elusennau.

Cwmni a gofrestrwyd gyda Thŷ’r Cwmnïau a chanddo aelodau yn hytrach na chyfranddalwyr; mae aelodau’n gwarantu swm enwol i dalu rhwymedigaethau a gallant hefyd dalu tanysgrifiad aelodaeth rheolaidd. Mae Elusennau, Ymddiriedolaethau Datblygu, Cwmnïau Cymdeithasol a Busnesau Cymunedol yn aml yn defnyddio’r math yma o ymgorfforiad.

Busnes a grëwyd i ddarparu cyflogaeth a hyfforddiant integredig i bobl ag anabledd neu anfantais yn y farchnad lafur.

Dewis arall yn lle cyllid ecwiti preifat, ble y bydd rhan o’r adenillion disgwyliedig i fuddsoddwyr yn gymdeithasol yn hytrach nac ariannol. Diffiniad Banc Lloegr o’r trefniant hwn yw ‘cyllid hirdymor ar gyfer datblygu, ar delerau ystwyth, gan gynnwys ildio fawr ddim rheolaeth ac enillion ariannol is na’r farchnad, er mwyn cael enillion cymdeithasol yn eu lle’. Gall ddigwydd ar ffurf grantiau, benthyciadau neu ecwiti ‘buddsoddi’.

Term a ddefnyddir i ddisgrifio’r adnoddau ariannol - megis ymddiriedolaeth, partneriaeth, rhwydweithiau, perthnasoedd a gwerthoedd cyffredin - sy’n galluogi cymuned i ffynnu ac i weithio’n fwy effeithiol. Fe’i defnyddir hefyd i ddisgrifio gweithgareddau economaidd ac o fathau eraill y “ Trydydd Sector ” na cheir cyfrif ohonynt gan

Yr enw cyffredin yw buddsoddiad cyfalaf – hynny yw, arian am gyfran yn y busnes. Defnyddir y cyfalaf i gyflawni cam nesaf twf busnes, boed hynny’n fusnes newydd neu’n fusnes sy’n tyfu o fod yn fusnes bach i fod yn fusnes canolig. Mae Cyfalaf Mentro yn aml yn prynu cyfran am gyfnod penodol o amser ac mae’n bosib y byddant yn chwilio am ddylanwad ar lefel bwrdd

Y broses o gasglu, dadansoddi ac adrodd gwybodaeth feintiol ac ansoddol er mwyn rhoi cyfrif o berfformiad ac effeithiau sefydliad o bersbectif cymdeithasol. Mae cyfrifo cymdeithasol hefyd yn gallu cynnwys perfformiad amgylcheddol neu economaidd.

Ystod eang o gysyniadau sy’n ymwneud â busnesau yn cyflawni eu gwaith yn gyfrifol. Mae’r ffactorau yn cynnwys effeithiau amgylcheddol, materion iechyd a diogelwch gweithwyr a chwsmeriaid, cyfranogiad mewn cymunedau lleol (bod yn gymydog da), llywodraethu corfforaethol da, materion cymdeithasol eraill a masnachu teg. Mae cefnogwyr CSR yn dadlau fod y materion hyn yn greiddiol i gynaliadwyedd hirdymor pob busnes a’u bod yr un mor berthnasol i fusnesau lleol bach ag ydynt i gwmnïau mawr amlwladol.

Cylch - Wales Community Recycling Network is a company limited by guarantee.

Cylch exists to provide member support services to the Welsh community-recycling sector and to encourage partnerships with local authorities/ private sector organisations to ensure the successful delivery of the Wales Waste Strategy.

Arian a fuddsoddir mewn busnes ar ffurf cyfranddaliadau. Fel arfer mae gan fuddsoddwyr lais yn y gwaith o redeg y cwmni ac maen nhw hefyd yn cael difidend o’r elw.

Mae hwn yn gorff a ymgorfforwyd trwy’r Deddfau Cymdeithasau Diwydiannol a Darbodus, ac mae’n cynnwys cwmnïau cydweithredol, rhai ymddiriedolaethau datblygu a nifer o wahanol sefydliadau eraill. .

Cwmnïau nid er mwyn elw sy’n gyfrifol am reoli stoc tai. Defnyddir y term i olygu’r un peth â Landlord Cymdeithasol Cofrestredig (RSL) – sefydliadau nid er mwyn elw sy’n bodoli i ddarparu tai fforddiadwy.

Rhwydwaith a mudiad aelodaeth adfywio cymunedol a sefydlwyd yn 1992.

Mae Cymdeithas Ymddiriedolaethau Datblygu Cymru yn cynnig cynhaliaeth i rwydwaith ffyniannus a chyflym ei dwf o ymddiriedolaethau datblygu yng Nghymru, a hi hefyd yw’r corff aelodaeth ar eu cyfer. Fe’i sefydlwyd ym mis Ionawr 2003, gyda chefnogaeth Llywodraeth Cynulliad Cymru, i gynnig cynhaliaeth yng Nghymru i’r rhwydwaith presennol o Ymddiriedolaethau Datblygu i weithio’n effeithiol ac i ddatblygu eu gweithgareddau ac i gynorthwyo cymunedau a mudiadau sy’n awyddus i sefydlu ymddiriedolaethau datblygu newydd ac i hyrwyddo arfer dda a rhwydwaith dysgu i ymarferwyr yng Nghymru.

Mae Cymunedau’n Gyntaf yn un o brif raglenni Llywodraeth Cynulliad Cymru sy’n anelu at dorri tlodi a helpu gwella bywydau pobl sy’n byw yn yr ardaloedd tlotaf.

Defnyddir y term hwn mewn nifer o wahanol ffyrdd, ag iddynt ystyron gwahanol e.e. gall gyfeirio at sefydlogrwydd ariannol sefydliad ac at fabwysiadu polisïau ac arferion amgylcheddol, cymdeithasol neu economaidd sy’n lleihau effaith y fenter ar yr amgylchedd.

Y gallu i fanteisio ar ac elwa o’r cyfleoedd sydd ar gael i’r rhan fwyaf o aelodau cymdeithas

Cynlluniau sydd ar gael yn gyhoeddus ar gyfer pob awdurdod lleol sy’n amlinellu neu’n diweddaru darpariaeth neu strategaeth ar gyfer gofal cymunedol lleol.

Cynnal Cymru-Sustain Wales is an independent, not-for-profit organisation that promotes sustainable development and provides practical information to help people live sustainably.

Cynnal Cymru plays a key role in communicating and promoting sustainable development across Wales.

Operating at the boundary between government, business, and civil society, Cynnal Cymru is uniquely positioned to assimilate the views of each group and generate communication between them that will result in positive action for sustainable development.

The company is governed by a Board of Company Directors who are elected annually from and by the membership at company’s AGM. In order to ensure a sufficient range of expertise across the Board, four members are elected from each of the following fields:

* Economic
* Social
* Environmental
* Sustainable development
 

Mae Cynnal Cymru-Sustain Wales yn fudiad annibynnol nid er mwyn elw, sy’n hyrwyddo datblygu cynaliadwy ac yn darparu gwybodaeth ymarferol i gynorthwyo pobl i fyw mewn modd cynaliadwy.

Mae Cynnal Cymru yn chwarae rhan flaenllaw mewn cyfleu a hyrwyddo datblygu cynaliadwy ledled Cymru.

Mae Cynnal Cymru, sy’n gweithredu ar y ffin rhwng llywodraeth, busnes a chymdeithas sifil mewn safle unigryw i gyfuno barn pob grŵp a pheri trafod rhyngddynt fydd yn arwain at weithredu positif dros ddatblygu cynaliadwy.

Rheolir y cwmni gan Fwrdd o Gyfarwyddwyr Cwmni sy’n cael eu hethol yn flynyddol o blith a gan aelodau’r cwmni yng Nghyfarfod Blynyddol y cwmni. Er mwyn sicrhau ystod ddigonol o arbenigedd ar draws y Bwrdd mae pedwar aelod yn cael eu hethol o bob un o’r sectorau isod;

• Economi
• Cymdeithasol
• Amgylcheddol
• Datblygu Cynaliadwy

Mae cytundebau adran 106 yn ymrwymiadau cynllunio ar bobl neu sefydliadau a chanddynt fudd mewn darn o dir. Y nod yw hwyluso gweithrediad polisïau cynllunio a awdurdodwyd gan Adran 106 Deddf Cynllunio Gwlad a Thref 1990.

Strategaeth ddatblygu sy’n cydnabod mai meddiant asedau diriaethol (tir, adeiladau neu incwm pwrpasol) yw’r allwedd i gyrraedd nodau hunanddigonolrwydd, annibyniaeth a chynaliadwyedd sy’n cynnal mudiadau adfywio cymunedol.

Defnyddir y term hwn yn aml i ddisgrifio datblygu sy’n diwallu anghenion y presennol heb effeithio ar allu cenedlaethau’r dyfodol i ddiwallu eu hanghenion eu hunain.

A community based regeneration network and membership organisation formed in 1992.

The Development Trusts Association Wales provides support to and is the membership body for a thriving and fast growing network of development trusts in Wales. It was established in January 2003, with the support of the Welsh Assembly Government, to provide support in Wales for the existing network of Development Trusts to operate well and grow their activities and to assist communities and organisations that wish to establish new development trusts and to promote good practice and a practitioner based learning network in Wales.

Development trusts are enterprises created by communities to enable sustainable development in their area. They undertake a wide range of economic, environmental and social activities and services. As independent not-for-private-profit organisations, they are committed to involving and being accountable to local people.

Development trusts are defined as organisations that are:

 * engaged in the economic, environmental and social regeneration of a defined area or community

* independent and aiming for self sufficiency

* not for private profit

* community based and owned

* building sustainable communities

* actively involved in partnerships between the community, voluntary, private and public sectors.

A development trust is not a legal structure in itself, but is usually registered either as a company or as an Industrial and Provident Society. Many are also charities.

Termau a ddefnyddir yn aml i ddisgrifio cwmnïau fel mentrau cymunedol a gwirfoddol neu gymdeithasol sydd efallai’n gwneud elw, ond nad ydynt yn dosbarthu eu helw i gyfranddalwyr, ac sydd yn eu defnyddio’n hytrach (a elwir hefyd yn ‘orged’ yn y cyd-destun hwn) er budd cymdeithasol neu gymunedol neu i’w ail-fuddsoddi er mwyn cyflawni eu nodau cymdeithasol.

Economi sy’n cynnig yr amodau ar gyfer datblygu syniadau newydd y gellir masnachu eu gwerth, er enghraifft, trwy gynllunio a chynhyrchu nwyddau a gwasanaethau gwerth uchel. Mae’n wahanol i economi sy’n canolbwyntio’n bennaf ar gynhyrchu trwy ddefnyddio syniadau sy’n bod yn barod.

Fe’i gelwir weithiau y ‘trydydd sector’, ac mae’r rhan hon o’r economi yn bodoli rhwng y sectorau preifat a chyhoeddus ac yn cynnwys mentrau cymdeithasol, elusennau a mudiadau gwirfoddol, sefydliadau, undebau llafur, cyrff crefyddol a chymdeithasau tai.

Term llaw-fer yw hwn am yr hyn sy’n digwydd pan fo pobl neu grwpiau yn cael eu heithrio o gymdeithas ac o gyfleoedd am resymau fel tlodi, tarddiad ethnig, oed, diffyg medrau, iechyd gwael, incwm isel, hanes troseddol neu ryw.

Mae statws elusennol ar gael i bob mudiad a chanddynt bwrpasau a gweithgareddau cwbl elusennol eu natur, boed yn lleddfu tlodi, hyrwyddo crefydd neu addysg neu ‘bwrpasau eraill sy’n llesol i’r gymuned’. Mae statws elusennol yn cynnig manteision trethiannol mawr iawn ond mae masnachu’n gyfyngedig ac mae’n rhaid iddo fod yn gydnaws â’r pwrpas elusennol; mae felly’n addas i rai mentrau cymdeithasol ond nid i bob un. Mae gan sawl elusen yn y sector gwirfoddol ganghennau masnachu - eu mentrau cymdeithasol eu hunain - er mwyn cynhyrchu incwm i gynnal eu nodau elusennol.

Rhywun sy’n gweld ac yn rhoi bod i gyfleoedd busnes newydd ond sy’n cael ei gymell gan les cyhoeddus a chymdeithasol yn hytrach na chan yr awydd i wneud elw personol.

Funds invested in a business in the form of shares. Investors usually have a say in the running of the company and also receive a dividend from profits.

Investment which is screened to ensure it has no links to activities which the investor would not wish to support.

A term which refers to an alternative approach to international trade. It implies a trading partnership which aims to encourage sustainable development for excluded and disadvantaged producers. Supporting partner businesses seek to do this by promoting and providing better trading conditions, conducting awareness raising activities and campaigning.

Grym statudol a roddir i awdurdodau lleol pan na ellir cael cytundeb gyda pherchennog tir er mwyn gorfodi gwerthu tir a/neu adeiladau fel y gellir cyflawni amcanion polisi ehangach

Mantais drethiannol i annog buddsoddiadau mewn Sefydliadau Cyllid Cymunedol. Telir gostyngiad o 5% y.f. am hyd at 5 mlynedd ar fuddsoddiadau mewn sefydliadau CDFI achrededig

Y trefniadau presennol ar gyfer adolygu effeithiolrwydd, effeithlonrwydd ac economi gwasanaethau’r sector cyhoeddus, a’r ffordd o fesur gwerth am arian mewn gwaith caffael yn y sector cyhoeddus.

Not-for-profit companies in charge of managing housing stock. The term is used interchangeably with Registered Social Landlord (RSL) – not for profit organisations whose aim is to provide affordable housing.

This is a body incorporated under the Industrial and Provident Societies Acts, and includes co-ops, some development trusts and a range of other organisations.

These provide training and work experience within the supportive structure of a community business. The work experience is often a year in length and provides a stepping stone to employment.

An economy that provides the conditions to develop new ideas whose value can be traded, for example, by the design and production of high-value goods and services. It contrasts with an economy that is focused primarily on production using existing ideas.

Mae’r term LETS yn golygu cynlluniau masnachu cyfnewid lleol. Maen nhw’n rhwydweithiau cymorth cilyddol cymunedol sy’n caniatáu i bobl gyfnewid nwyddau a gwasanaethau heb orfod defnyddio arian. Maen nhw’n fath ffurfiol o ffeirio

Community based organisations that are close to local people, are able to relate to unemployment issues and understand business needs. They act as job finders, brokers and support people in the early months of work.

Adeiladau sy’n cynnig llety ar gyfer busnesau hen a newydd. Yn ogystal â lle i’w lesio, mae busnesau newydd hefyd yn gallu manteisio ar hyfforddiant a chyngor. Maen nhw hefyd yn cynnig ffynhonnell incwm fel ‘Asedau Cymunedol’ i sefydliadau menter gymunedol fel Ymddiriedolaethau Datblygu.

Adeiladau sy’n cynnig llety ar gyfer busnesau hen a newydd. Yn ogystal â lle i’w lesio, mae busnesau newydd hefyd yn gallu manteisio ar hyfforddiant a chyngor. Maen nhw hefyd yn cynnig ffynhonnell incwm fel ‘Asedau Cymunedol’ i sefydliadau menter gymunedol fel Ymddiriedolaethau Datblygu.

Pan mae mudiad yn rhoi’r un pwys i amcanion cymdeithasol ac amgylcheddol ag i amcanion ariannol economaidd.

Are community-based mutual aid networks in which people exchange goods and services without the need for money. They are an organised form of bartering.
 

Buildings providing accommodation for start-up and existing businesses. In addition to leased space, new businesses also have access to training and advice. They also provide an income stream as ‘ Community owned Assets ’ to community enterprise organisations such as Development Trusts or other social enterprises.

Tir, adeiladau neu gyfleusterau eraill a ddarperir gan ddatblygwr fel rhan o’r amodau ar gyfer cael caniatâd cynllunio ar gyfer datblygiad.

Term sy’n cyfeirio at ffordd wahanol o gynnal masnach ryngwladol. Mae’n awgrymu partneriaeth fasnachu sy’n anelu at annog datblygu cynaliadwy ar gyfer cynhyrchwyr eithriedig a difreintiedig. Mae busnesau partner cynhaliol yn ceisio gwneud hyn trwy hyrwyddo a darparu gwell amodau masnachu, cynnal gweithgareddau codi ymwybyddiaeth ac ymgyrchu.

Mae mentrau cymdeithasol yn fusnesau deinamig a chanddynt bwrpas cymdeithasol sy’n gweithio ym mhob rhan o wledydd Prydain a thu hwnt i greu newid cymdeithasol ac amgylcheddol parhaol.

Mudiadau cymunedol sy’n masnachu at ddibenion cymdeithasol fel bod gorgedion yn cael eu hail-fuddsoddi i ddatblygu mwy o waith menter trwy gael perchnogaeth gymunedol ar dir ac adeiladau er lles cymdeithasol a chymunedol. Maen nhw’n rhannu’r un cyfuniad o fentrau mentergarol a dibenion cymdeithasol â mentrau cymdeithasol.

Fodd bynnag, mae Mentrau Cymunedol yn wahanol gan eu bod yn canolbwyntio ar gymuned lle neu fudd ac yn darparu gwasanaethau lleol i bobl leol - ac yn aml hefyd yn cyflogi pobl leol. Mae Ymddiriedolaethau Datblygu yn fodel o fenter gymunedol sy’n cyfuno’r gwaith o ddarparu nifer o wasanaethau lleol gwahanol.

A very small business, usually defined as "a business with fewer than 10 staff". Sometimes defined as "a business with fewer than 5 staff". 89% of all UK businesses have fewer than 5 employees. Some Social Enterprise such as development trusts run programmes to assist Micro-enterprise.

This term refers to small savings and loans facilities with no (or a very low) minimum deposit. It also refers to other financial services such as insurance, money transfers and bill payments that are designed for people on low incomes.

A fund providing small loans, (and therefore a particular form of micro-finance). A micro-loan fund is a specialised form of financial service based on distinct products specially designed to service micro-enterprises and is not merely the occasional provision of a very small loan.

Corff hunanlywodraethol o bobl sydd wedi dod at ei gilydd yn wirfoddol i weithredu er lles y gymuned, ac a sefydlwyd am resymau nad oes a wnelo nhw â manteision ariannol. Nid oes rhaid iddo fod yn elusen gofrestredig, ond os nad ydyw, rhaid i nodau, amcanion a dulliau gweithredu’r mudiad gael eu hysgrifennu mewn dogfen sydd ar gael yn gyhoeddus. Dylai’r mudiad fod ar gael i bob aelod o’r gymuned a chanddynt ddiddordebau sy’n berthnasol i’r nodau a nodwyd yn gyhoeddus. Mae’n dibynnu i raddau helaeth ar grantiau a rhoddion ar gyfer ei refeniw.

This term refers to the increased use of mutual organisations to provide services under contract to local authorities.

Mutual organisations are those whose members have joined together with a common purpose to provide a shared service of mutual benefit. They are legally constituted in a number of ways. Mutual business structures include co-operatives, building societies and other employee-owned businesses.

New Economics Foundation

Sefydliad Economeg Newydd (New Economics Foundation)

Terms commonly used to describe companies such as community and voluntary or social enterprises which may well make a profit, but do not distribute their profits to shareholders, instead using them (also called ‘surplus’ in this context) for social or community benefit or reinvestment in fulfilling their social aims.

An alternative to private equity finance, where part of the expected returns to investors will be social rather than financial. Defined by the Bank of England as as ‘long-term finance for development, with soft terms, including little ceding of control and sub-market financial returns, in return for social gains’. Can take the form of ‘investment’ grants, loans or equity.

Land. buildings or other facilities provided by a developer as part of the conditions for gaining planning consent for a development.

Mae’r rhain yn darparu hyfforddiant a phrofiad gwaith o fewn strwythur cynhaliol busnes cymunedol. Mae’r profiad gwaith yn aml yn parhau am flwyddyn ac mae’n cynnig carreg sarn i gael gwaith.

A programme of local development which addresses physical, social, environmental and economic disadvantages in both rural and urban areas.

More commonly referred to as housing associations RSLs are independent not for profit organisations that are registered with the Housing Corporation.

Sefydliadau cymunedol sy’n agos at bobl leol, sy’n gallu trin a thrafod materion diweithdra a deall anghenion busnes. Maen nhw’n cynnig gwasanaethau dod o hyd i swyddi, broceriaid ac yn cynnal pobl yn ystod eu misoedd cyntaf mewn gwaith.

Social Enterprise Coalition

Clymblaid Menter Gymdeithasol

These are planning obligations on persons or organisations with a land interest. The aim is to facilitate the implementation of planning policies as authorised by Section 106 of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990. 

Darparydd gwasanaethau ariannol (efallai’n fanc cymunedol, cronfa benthyciadau cymunedol neu gronfa mentro datblygu cymunedol) sy’n anelu at gyflawni amcanion cymdeithasol. Maen nhw’n benthyca a buddsoddi mewn ardaloedd a marchnadoedd difreintiedig nad ydynt yn gallu manteisio ar gyllid prif ffrwd, gan gynnwys mentrau cymdeithasol. Mae sefydliadau CDFI yn canolbwyntio’n benodol ar wasanaethau ariannol i fusnesau a mudiadau yn yr economi gymdeithasol yn hytrach nag unigolion. Er bod rhai mathau o CDFI yn cael eu rheoleiddio’n fanciau neu gymdeithasau adeiladu, nid oes gan y rhan fwyaf ohonynt statws cymryd adneuon. Y ffurfiau cyfreithiol a ddefnyddir amlaf yw’r gymdeithas ddiwydiannol a darbodus (IPS) a, law yn llaw â statws elusennol, y cwmni cyfyngedig trwy warant.

The process of collecting, analysing and reporting both quantitative and qualitative information to provide an account of the performance and impacts of an organisation from a social perspective. Social accounts can also include environemental or economic pefromance as well. 

The process of checking social accounts to make sure that they ‘add up’. An organisation that conducts a social audit makes itself accountable to its stakeholders and commits itself to following the audit's recommendations. 

A term sometimes used by social enterprises where there is a small core of members who act in a similar way to trustees. These social businesses often focus on providing an income or employment opportunity for disadvantaged groups, or providing a service to the community.

A term used to describe the non-financial resources – such as trust, partnership, networks, relationaships and shared values – which enable a community to thrive and function more effectively. Also used to describe the economic and other activities of the “ Third Sector ” not accoubnted for by

Sometimes also called the ‘third sector’, this part of the economy exists between the private and public sectors and includes social enterprises, charities and voluntary organisations, foundations, trade unions, religious bodies and housing associations. 

Social enterprises are organisations tyhat are trading for a social purpose. They are dynamic businesses small and large, working all around the UK and internationally to deliver lasting social and environmental change.

Somebody who identifies and brings to life new business opportunities but who is motivated by public and social good rather than the need for personal profit.

This is a shorthand term for what happens where people or groups find themselves excluded from society and from opportunity for reasons such as poverty, ethnic origin, age, lack of skills, bad health, low income, criminal record or gender. 

A business created to provide integrated employment and training to people with a disability or other disadvantage in the labour market. 

The ability to access and benefit from the opportunities available to most members of society.

Social Return on Investment (SROI) is an innovative approach to measurement and value that can be used across the public, private and third sectors. Developed from cost-benefit analysis and social accounting, SROI uses economic valuation to make visible a far greater range of social, environmental and economic costs and benefits than conventional analyses. In so doing, it provides a fuller picture of the value that is being created or destroyed and enables more informed decision-making about how resources are allocated.

The profit in many social enterprises is referred to as a ‘surplus’, to reflect their "not for private profit" status.

Cynnal Cymru-Sustain Wales is an independent, not-for-profit organisation that promotes sustainable development and provides practical information to help people live sustainably.

Cynnal Cymru plays a key role in communicating and promoting sustainable development across Wales.

Operating at the boundary between government, business, and civil society, Cynnal Cymru is uniquely positioned to assimilate the views of each group and generate communication between them that will result in positive action for sustainable development.

The company is governed by a Board of Company Directors who are elected annually from and by the membership at company’s AGM. In order to ensure a sufficient range of expertise across the Board, four members are elected from each of the following fields:

* Economic
* Social
* Environmental
* Sustainable development
 

This term is used in many ways, with different meanings e.g. can refer both to the financial stability of an organisation and to the adoption of environmental social or economic policies and practices which minimise the impact of the enterprise on the environment.

This term is often used to describe development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Trefniadau ar gyfer caffael gwasanaethau sy’n cynnwys tendro gan fwy nac un darpar ddarparydd. Caiff tendrau eu hasesu yn ôl meini prawf gwerth gorau sy’n asesu ansawdd a chost.

Time Banking refers to a pattern of reciprocal service exchange which uses units of time as currency and is an example of an alternative economic system.

A Time Bank, also known as a Service Exchange, is a community which practices time banking. The unit of currency, always valued at an hour's worth of any person's labour, used by these groups has various names, but is generally known as a Time Dollar in the U.S. and a Time Credit in the U.K.

Time Banking is primarily used to provide incentives and rewards for work such as mentoring children, caring for the elderly, being neighbourly—work usually done on a volunteer basis--which a pure market system devalues.

Essentially, the "time" one spends providing these types of community services earns "time" that one can spend to receive services

Unrhyw dir neu eiddo a gafodd ei ddefnyddio neu ei ddatblygu yn y gorffennol ac nad yw’n cael ei ddefnyddio ar hyn o bryd, er y gall fod yn cael ei ddefnyddio’n rhannol. Gall y tir fod hefyd yn wag, yn ddiffaith neu’n llygredig ond nid yw’n cynnwys parciau, caeau chwarae, rhandiroedd a thir ble y mae gweddillion defnydd blaenorol wedi dod yn rhan o’r tirlun, neu ble y cawsant eu goddiweddyd gan gadwraeth natur neu ddefnydd amwynderol.

When an organisation attaches equal importance to social and environmental objectives as well as to economic financial objectives. 

Cwmni ariannol cydweithredol, sy’n eiddo i’w aelodau ac yn cael ei reoli ganddynt. Yn ogystal â bod yn ddewis da ar gyfer cynilo, gan fod undebau credyd llwyddiannus yn talu difidend blynyddol o hyd at 8%, gellir defnyddio’r arian a gynilir i wneud benthyciadau llog isel i aelodau eraill yr undeb credyd. Dim ond pobl sy’n dod o fewn bond cyffredin yr undeb credyd all ymuno ag ef a defnyddio ei wasanaethau. Caiff yr undeb credyd ei reoli gan Fwrdd Cyfarwyddwyr gwirfoddol.

Commonly as equity investment – that is, money for a share in the business. The capital is used to achieve the next phase of business growth, be that starting-up or transforming from a small to a medium sized business. Venture Capital often buys a share for a fixed period of time and may look for board level influence.

A self-governing body of people who have jointed together voluntarily to take action for the benefit of the community, established otherwise than for financial gain. It does not have to be a registered charity, but if it is not the aims, objectives and methods of working of the organisation must be written down in a publicly available document. The organisation should be open to all members of the community with interests relevant to the publicly stated aims. It depends largely on grants and donations for its revenue. 

Often Industrial and Provident Society bona fide Co-op where the members are the employees of the business. As such employees both own and manage the business that they work for. 

Mae ymddiriedolaethau datblygu yn fentrau sy’n cael eu creu gan gymunedau er mwyn symbylu datblygu cynaliadwy yn eu hardal. Maen nhw’n cyflawni nifer o wahanol weithgareddau a gwasanaethau economaidd, amgylcheddol a chymdeithasol. Fel mudiadau annibynnol nid er mwyn elw preifat, maen nhw’n ymrwymedig i gynnwys a bod yn atebol i bobl leol.

Y diffiniad o ymddiriedolaethau datblygu yw sefydliadau sy’n:

• gweithio i hyrwyddo adfywiad economaidd, amgylcheddol a chymdeithasol ardal neu gymuned benodol
• annibynnol ac yn anelu at fod yn hunan-gynhaliol
• nid er mwyn elw preifat
• gweithio yn y gymuned ac yn eiddo iddi
• adeiladu cymunedau cynaliadwy
• chwarae rhan weithgar mewn partneriaethau rhwng y sectorau gwirfoddol, preifat a chyhoeddus.

Nid yw ymddiriedolaeth ddatblygu yn endid cyfreithiol ynddi’i hun, ond mae fel arfer yn cael ei chofrestru’n gwmni neu’n Gymdeithas Elusennol a Darbodus. Mae llawer hefyd yn elusennau.